The emergence of the Neolithic way of life was one of the significant transitions in European prehistory. The Neolithic way of life introduced a transformative new economy based on a package of the herding of livestock and the growing of cereals from southwest Asia from 8000 cal BP onwards. Settlement evidence, charred seeds and animal bones have been the principal evidence for archaeologists to understand this process of neolithization. Although they have provided rich insights, many questions remains on the breadth of diet. As more scientific methods have become available in recent years, there is scope to provide data on food consumption not previously possible. The Evolution of Dietary Diversity and the Transition to Agriculture in Europe Project is a SFI-IRC Pathway Grant that is applying a combination of dental calculus analysis through microbotanical, palaeoproteomic and organic residue analysis and modelling to better understand how Neolithic economies changed overtime in Europe. It uses case study regions from different periods and ecologies with a particular focus on Ireland.